Cell Injury & Adaptation MCQs

 1. Which of the following is a reversible cellular injury?

A. Necrosis

B. Apoptosis

C. Hydropic swelling

D. Karyolysis

👉 Answer: C. Hydropic swelling

2. Which of the following is an example of physiological hyperplasia?

A. Endometrial hyperplasia due to unopposed estrogen

B. Breast development at puberty

C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia

D. Goiter

👉 Answer: B. Breast development at puberty

3. Cellular adaptation characterized by change of one adult cell type to another is:

A. Atrophy

B. Hyperplasia

C. Metaplasia

D. Dysplasia

👉 Answer: C. Metaplasia

4. A key mechanism of irreversible cell injury is:

A. Mitochondrial swelling

B. Decreased intracellular calcium

C. Nuclear condensation

D. Loss of membrane integrity

👉 Answer: D. Loss of membrane integrity

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⚡ Free Radical Injury MCQs

5. Which of the following enzymes is involved in neutralizing superoxide radicals?

A. Catalase

B. Glutathione peroxidase

C. Superoxide dismutase

D. Peroxidase

👉 Answer: C. Superoxide dismutase

6. Which of the following is not a free radical?

A. Superoxide (O₂•⁻)

B. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)

C. Hydroxyl radical (•OH)

D. Nitric oxide (NO•)

👉 Answer: B. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)

7. Free radicals cause damage mainly by:

A. Inhibiting protein synthesis

B. Inducing nuclear fragmentation

C. Lipid peroxidation of membranes

D. Decreasing cellular respiration

👉 Answer: C. Lipid peroxidation of membranes

8. Which vitamin acts as a free radical scavenger?

A. Vitamin B1

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin K

D. Vitamin B12

👉 Answer: B. Vitamin C