Shingles: symptoms & treatment

Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. Herpes zoster typically presents as a painful, blistering rash that appears on one side of the body, often along a nerve pathway. Here is a brief discussion of the signs, symptoms, and treatment options for herpes zoster.

Signs and Symptoms:

Painful, burning or tingling sensation in a specific area of the body

Rash or blisters that appear in a band or strip on one side of the body, often on the face or torso

Itching, numbness or sensitivity to touch

Fever, headache, fatigue

The blisters typically scab over within 7-10 days and usually clear up within 2-4 weeks

Treatment:

Antiviral medications (e.g., acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir) are the mainstay of treatment and are most effective if started within 72 hours of the rash appearing. These medications can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms and the risk of complications, such as postherpetic neuralgia.

Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help to relieve the pain associated with shingles.

Cool compresses or calamine lotion can be applied to the affected area to help relieve itching and discomfort.

If the rash is severe, the patient may require prescription-strength pain medication or steroid injections to help manage the pain.

Clinical Presentation:

Herpes zoster can be diagnosed based on the clinical presentation of the rash and associated symptoms. In some cases, a healthcare provider may take a sample of the fluid from the blisters to test for the presence of the varicella-zoster virus. In certain situations, such as when the patient is immunocompromised or if the rash is in or near the eyes, a referral to a specialist may be necessary.

In summary, herpes zoster is a painful and often debilitating condition that can be effectively treated with antiviral medications if caught early. Patients who suspect they may have shingles should seek medical attention as soon as possible to prevent complications and manage symptoms.